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1.1 Quel est l’objectif du JTI ?
L’Initiative pour la fiabilité de l’information (JTI) contribue à créer un espace informationnel plus sain en :
- aidant les consommateurs, annonceurs, distributeurs et régulateurs à identifier et à récompenser le journalisme fiable ;
- encourageant les médias à perfectionner leurs processus internes ;
- mettant en place un système transparent, fondé sur des normes, pour contribuer à retirer les financements et les plateformes à la désinformation.
1.2 Qui peut utiliser le JTI ?
Les principaux utilisateurs du JTI sont les médias d’information. Ils auto-évaluent leurs processus éditoriaux et améliorent leur transparence. Le grand public bénéficie également d’un écosystème médiatique amélioré. D’autres acteurs, comme les régulateurs et le secteur privé (annonceurs, distributeurs et plateformes numériques), pourraient utiliser le JTI pour améliorer leurs interactions avec le journalisme.
1.3 Qui est derrière le JTI ?
1.4 Comment le JTI est-il financé ?
Le financement du développement du projet a été assuré par une subvention du ministère français de la Culture.
Craig Newmark Philanthropies a fait un don substantiel pour financer la mise en œuvre de l’Initiative.
Un cofinancement supplémentaire a été reçu de la Commission européenne et de l’Organisation internationale de la Francophonie.
Certaines fonctionnalités de l’application web de l’Initiative sont payantes et accessibles par abonnement. Ces revenus servent à couvrir les frais de fonctionnement, l’Initiative étant à but non lucratif.
Des informations plus détaillées sur le financement et les bailleurs de fonds sont disponibles sur la page « À propos » de ce site web.
1.5 Pourquoi avez-vous choisi l’instrument de normalisation ?
1.6 L'Initiative de coopération technique pourrait-elle avoir un impact négatif ou des conséquences imprévues, par exemple limiter la liberté de la presse ? Comment l'éviter ?
L’objectif du JTI est de soutenir la liberté d’expression et la liberté de la presse en récompensant le respect des normes professionnelles et des meilleures pratiques journalistiques. Nous avons préalablement réalisé une évaluation approfondie des risques. Vous la trouverez à l’annexe A du document standard, qui comprend des lignes directrices pour différents types d’utilisateurs afin de prévenir, détecter et atténuer les abus potentiels. La marque « JTI » est protégée par la loi.
1.7 Le JTI abandonne-t-il les directives éditoriales ou les structures d’autorégulation, comme les pPress Councils ?
Non. Le JTI est totalement complémentaire, car il ajoute un niveau de conformité volontaire et indépendant aux processus existants. Il peut être utilisé par les médias en interne comme outil de diagnostic supplémentaire, et par des organismes externes tels que les conseils de presse ou les autorités de régulation pour les aider à exercer leurs fonctions.
1.8 Comment le JTI s’intègre-t-il dans les politiques numériques et dans l’appel à la régulation des grandes entreprises technologiques ?
Nous pensons que la suppression des contenus préjudiciables ou illégaux en ligne, et la sanction des acteurs malveillants qui en découle, ne suffisent pas à garantir le bon fonctionnement de notre espace d’information commun. Parallèlement, un journalisme fiable mérite d’être récompensé par un avantage concurrentiel en termes de visibilité, ce qui se traduit par une portée et des revenus accrus.
Le JTI répond concrètement à cet objectif en fournissant les ensembles de données pertinents en temps réel et de manière lisible par machine. Les obligations légales pour les plateformes numériques (principalement les moteurs de recherche et les réseaux sociaux) de faciliter la mise en avant des sources fiables pourraient être stipulées par la loi, en se référant à des normes d’autorégulation telles que le JTI comme référence.
Glossary Index
A
Accountability: The act of the media outlet declaring its governing principles and how it is to be held responsible for adhering to them. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Advertiser: An entity paying a media outlet for publication of commercial messages designed to drive consumer activity.
Advertising: Any commercial messages provided by an advertiser designed to reach an audience to drive consumer activity.
Audience: Those people who do, or could potentially, read, watch, listen or otherwise consume the content of a media outlet.
B
Best Practices: A document for employees of a media outlet to illustrate for them the steps, methods, and processes of producing content.
Brand Name: A publication identifier meant to be used by media outlets as the way of signifying the origin of the content to the content consumer.
Board of Directors: The group of people who manage a legal entity with the authority given to them by the larger group of direct owners.
C
Complaint: The message of a comment from someone in the audience of a media outlet wishing to voice a concern, correction or other possible change to any content.
Conflicts of Interest: Any situation where a person or an organization has financial, political or other motivations that may be either helped or harmed by their involvement with another person or organization. For this document, the concern is most specifically with motivations of anyone involved in the ownership of a media outlet or in the production of any content.
Conforming Entities: For all of the Journalism Trust Initiative, the media outlet. (See “IV. Terms and Definitions” in the section “‘Media Outlet’ – the Conforming Entity”.)
Content: All information published by a media outlet that is not Advertising. This may include articles, audio or video recordings, etc.
D
Data Collection: The act of a website gathering data on members of an audience.
Direct Owner: A person or corporation that has possession of all or part of a Legal Entity. This may be through direct corporate ownership, stock ownership, or any other means.
E
Editorial Mission Statement: A document created by a media outlet that sets out the principles, values, and overall objectives behind the generation of the published Content.
Editorial Guidelines : A document created or used by a media outlet that sets out the essential guidelines and rules for all employees and freelancers to abide by when producing content. It can also include enforcement mechanisms and sanctions.
Employee: A part of the paid staff of the media outlet or the legal entity. Combined with freelancers, these are the people publish the content.
Eyewitness News: A form of user generated content. (note that this term is a common brand name for many ABC broadcast news stations in the United States)
F
Fairness: For political content especially, but in general for everything published by a legal entity, the notion that the audience will get a complete and balanced view of any topic from the media outlet. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Fairness Doctrine: Specifically in the U.S., a former law that required licensed broadcasters to present content in ways that exhibited political balance. Eliminated in 1987.
Founding Date: The year in which a Legal Entity was initially organized and established.
Freelance: Anyone involved in the creation of content that is not a regular employee of the legal entity.
I
Impartiality: The attempt to achieve fairness in content of distinct points of view with objectivity and dedication to truth. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Independence: Freedom of a media outlet from external control by governments or any other outside entity. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Individual Journalist: A media outlet that has only one person as the Content creator. Also known as One-person enterprise.
Indirect Owner: A person or corporation that has possession of all or part of a Legal Entity by way of ownership of a holding company or other organization that is itself a Direct Owner.
J
Journalism: The gathering, production and dissemination of information in a framework of ethical values.
L
Legal Entity: The corporation or other body organized under locally applicable laws for the purpose of publishing under a brand name or names. The media outlet works as a part of this.
Listener: Part of an Audience.
M
Media Outlet: Any publication using one or more brand names that produces content for consumption by an audience of readers, viewers, etc.
N
N/A: “Not Applicable” used as an answer when a question has a mandatory response that does not have an applicable answer in that particular instance.
News Agency: Any service that provides content to a media outlet.
Newsroom: In general, the physical location of the media outlet, especially the central place where the content is produced.
O
Objectivity: The pursuit of journalism for the sake of the audience and not for the goals of one person, organization or any particular point of view. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Ombudsman: The non-gender-neutral version of ombudsperson. Not used in this document.
Ombudsperson: A representative of the audience who ideally has complete independence to express opinions about content without threat of interference. May be employed by the media outlet. May be called a Readers Editor or a Viewers/Listeners’ Advocate.
One-person enterprise: > see see individual journalist
Opinion: Content that typically gives the views of the creator and does not adhere as closely to the goals of objectivity or impartiality. While no news content can be totally objective, and no commentary is devoid of facts, in general, opinions are designed to persuade or entertain rather than to inform. The JTI Standard require that the difference be made clear to the audience.
P
Post-publication: Editorial control, or in some cases, an absence of editorial control, of content that happens after publication, most typically of user generated content. (see pre-publication)
Pre-publication: Editorial control of content that happens before publication. (see Post-publication)
Privacy: Being free from public observation. In general, members of the public have certain (but not unlimited) rights to privacy that media outlets work to protect in balance with the goal of informing the public. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Pseudonym: A name used in the place of the real name of a person in editorial content, typically for disclosed safety reasons.
Public Money: Funding provided by the general public of a distinct governmental boundary, in some cases through a separately imposed license fee, mandated or direct donations, or through subsidies from the state.
R
Reader: A member of the audience.
Responsible Editor: Person legally responsible for editorial content. For example, this is a legally defined position in Sweden.
Revenue: The total amount of money received by a legal entity.
S
Shareholder: An individual or organization that has some ownership stake in a legal entity.
Social Media: Platforms that structure and distribute content created by users, media outlets, or others on the Internet and track the behaviour of all users.
Sources: People who provide information to media outlets.
Sponsored Content: In whatever form, content that in some way is funded by an organization outside the media outlet.
Stakeholder: Any person or organization with a financial or other interest in a topic.
State: A unit of government.
T
Transparency: In journalism, the notion that any potential conflicts of interest and other background information that may be of interest to is disclosed. (see Preamble for more about the key principles of ethical journalism)
Turnover: (mainly British) The total revenue from all sources of income for an organization.
U
UGC/User generated content: Content published in any way by a media outlet that originated from the public or the audience and was not generated by employees or freelancers.
URL: “Uniform Resource Locator” The web address for a brand name publication. For example, www.bbc.co.uk is the URL for the BBC.
V
Viewer: A member of an audience.
